In addition, the amount of uric acid excreted in urine is dependent on diet (higher on meat-based diets). The best method for measuring urinary urate excretion is from a 24-hour urine collection, as recent studies have shown that a single urine uric acid to creatinine ratio does not correlate well to 24-hour urinary uric acid excretion. Dalmatians excrete up to 400 to 600 mg uric acid per day in their urine, compared to non-Dalmation dogs, which excrete less than 100 mg uric acid per day in urine. This is used to detect excessive urate excretion in breeds, such as Dalmatians, and to monitor response to therapy with allopurinol. These figures are only valid for urine samples with inactive sediments. Therapeutic intervention is recommended for azotemic cats with UP:UC >=0.4. Glomerular proteinuria is usually associated with UP:UC >=2.0. In healthy cats, the urine protein to creatinine ratio (UP:UC) is usually 1.0 in non-azotemic cats are abnormal and diagnostic evaluation is warranted. Therapeutic intervention is recommended for azotemic dogs with UP:UC >=0.5. Urine osmolality is useful for evaluating urine concentrating ability, for example in water deprivation tests, and is more accurate than measurement of urine specific gravity in this regard.īecause the protein in urine is generally quite low (1.0 in non-azotemic dogs are abnormal and diagnostic evaluation is warranted. Isosthenuric urine has an osmolality similar to plasma, approximately 300 to 320 mOsm/kg. For this reason, osmolality is superior to specific gravity, which is affected by particle weight and size. Osmolality is affected by the number of osmotically active particles in solution and is unaffected by their molecular weight and size. Urine osmolality is measured by freezing point depression in our laboratory. If submitting partial sample, ensure a well-mixed aliquot is submitted. Total protein, creatinine, P:C ratio (calc). PH, TP, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, blood. No additional charge for Acetest and/or Ictotest. Acetest done if dipstick ketones positive. Ictotest done if dipstick bilirubin positive. To view our reports for certain tests below and to obtain more information about the individual components of each test, click on the highlighted test name below.Ĭolor, turbidity, dipstick (pH, TP, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, blood), specific gravity, sediment exam. Fanconi's syndrome and aminoglycoside toxicity (urinary GGT). Urinary excretion of electrolytes and certain enzymes, e.g. Fractional excretion of electrolytes can be calculated by measuring the concentration of electrolytes and creatinine in serum and urine. We offer routine urinalysis, protein:creatinine ratios, and certain individual urine chemistry tests. Plastic tubes should be avoided, because we have found that they often contain microscopic crystalline material that can interfere with the urine sediment exam. Urine should be collected into sterile glass red-top containers for all our tests. For example, a high BUN and creatinine (azotemia) in a dehydrated patient with a concentrated urine (urine specific gravity > 1.030 in a dog) is compatible with a pre-renal azotemia, whereas azotemia in a dehydrated dog with a USG of 1.010 indicates a renal azotemia. Changes in renal parameters cannot be interpreted without knowledge of the urine results. Whenever blood is collected for a chemistry profile, a urine sample should be obtained whenever possible (especially on the initial sampling). Urinalysis is an essential test for evaluating kidney function.

Urine specific gravity range